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Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今日圣诞，老猫先祝大家圣诞快乐，虽然是洋人的节日：）下午贾陆英老师继续在老秘网% m- z' o, {& Y2 l
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群“重温经典读书会”49231471辅导我们学习《论语》。贾陆英老师一直记挂着我们这群“大学生”，原本这节课是安排在周三下午的，但贾老师届时另有要事，所以今日上午便特地在群里发出预告，提前到今日下午开课。有此良师，夫复何求？闲话少叙，立即把上课实录整理奉上。& ]7 [ s( g/ z+ d4 S- s
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第' x2 U/ k ~2 `) b3 P) @9 amso-font-kerning:0pt">5) w! M: T* F; e5 O# W+ x, p
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9 J9 z u/ G9 K2 t0 ~$ j% Mmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子问孝，子曰：; v0 F9 |5 M5 {( z! Z9 l
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违。9 D) o7 W, q5 G9 m+ p$ E2 a5 Y- |1 jmso-font-kerning:0pt">”2 u0 T2 e4 l) H: Rmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
3 I2 k2 h9 q" ^: Z+ j! Rmso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟御，子告之曰：, R1 Y5 I) i! p# H( J u
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问孝于我，我对曰无违。2 ?" Q5 ^5 g1 J
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟曰：$ v: @5 j2 Y1 }8 l
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">何谓也？" t5 F+ G7 w+ z
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- s6 g' t7 I2 E! P; [: qmso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：' |6 ?+ A$ I) W% T* Y6 Q
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼；死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。" ?" i5 F' O# a
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& ~, ^. Q, f5 B; O1 k, |' K! fmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子：鲁国大夫，三家之一，姓仲孙，名何忌，懿是谥号。他的父亲孟僖子临死时要他向孔子学礼。无违：不要违背礼。樊迟：孔子的学生，名须，字子迟，比孔子小四十六岁。御：驾驶马车。孟孙：指孟懿子。$ k8 y' K R/ C$ U' b
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. c: Q$ G5 c& Nmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子请教孔子什么是孝，孔子说：! l- v7 r. r& Q4 i8 s$ |# u1 E
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6 w" k4 {* R" N$ c" O5 X; omso-font-kerning:0pt">孝就是不要违背礼。" ~4 Q7 X& Q; X4 r/ Y% d
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">一天，樊迟给孔子驾车，孔子告诉他说：& ~- }" j8 j4 t( L2 O- S8 `0pt">"9 `: R" A! u: Omso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:+ ?4 C* E' q4 \/ G2 a3 i
Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问我什么是孝，我回答他说不要违背礼。' `/ a X5 _$ Y: q* l. \
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` q! o! }4 ^6 Y4 ]mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟说：8 D7 }5 J* x3 H& B7 b" g3 y: R/ S
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, u$ L5 ?3 Z5 F D% tmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这是什么意思呢) z4 ]% w+ ?7 umso-font-kerning:0pt">?" # U( s' b* u9 w
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：$ \2 Y1 }' M. O v9 L
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母活着的时候，要按礼侍奉他们；父母死了，要按礼来埋葬他们，祭祀他们。. T/ \7 x1 n( s9 c4 a9 N) ?9 Rmso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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. F' O6 V4 p; ^8 Hmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：怎样理解孝就是5 E) L4 X7 p, X) [
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/ P. t3 O) u1 {) {mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违; J. b: |1 S4 h
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子教人是很讲针对性的。孟懿子不能遵从他父亲贤而好礼之教，所以孔子针对他讲得7 r. T: n5 |2 _; G! @: u% X2 ymso-font-kerning:0pt">“+ M' |+ B( o/ D- }, H$ \# d
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7 e+ K$ A; t4 }& [+ b1 U h& Umso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是不要违背父亲的教诲，这是就具体情况所做的回答。但是就普遍事理而言，孔子讲, X# D) V8 d% s" h/ Q! g6 c0 j( W! cmso-font-kerning:0pt">“2 _2 m9 q7 J( J* a9 Q3 Nfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;1 ~ n5 R: u! F# C
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违$ j% G5 z7 r* F. G& U" {9 G7 Cmso-font-kerning:0pt">”0 X2 k1 N7 _! a4 c
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，强调要以礼事亲，不可违背于礼，" V1 m2 o, ~) p9 H8 l6 D7 dmso-font-kerning:0pt">“, T! b6 I" J0 nfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
4 @0 X* P3 O8 omso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。6 K( v9 A2 {% X6 m$ }; p2 u
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母在世，如有不合乎礼的言行，子女是不应当顺从的，而要以合乎礼的方法劝谏，这是对父母真正的爱护、尊敬。孝的精神，还应当体现在父母去世以后，要按照礼制去安葬他们、祭祀他们，这才算子女尽孝有始有终。" a5 m) o( j3 K
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：为什么说以礼事亲才是孝？! d3 s' r2 B& Q9 l: ~% S$ I
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章谈孝的重点是，孝要落实到礼上。孔子讲仁与礼的关系，一方面强调仁是礼的核心，礼应当体现仁的精神；另一方面又强调，礼的规定体现了仁的要求，依礼而行就是仁。据此，是否做到了孝，要以是否依礼而行来衡量。% q: ]7 O% @ V) t. G0 B
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">小风飕飕地：$ j1 ~, V' y' g7 ~; X5 S: O, n! Ymso-font-kerning:0pt">
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0 V" c% M+ w( t! H! VTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！反过来说，虽然礼遇有加未必出于心敬，但若是不加礼遇那就一定是心不敬，也就是不孝啦。所以外在的礼对于孝来说很重要，如若无礼那必然是不孝！对父母尽孝道，是义' U# M' b2 O1 U9 `' Imso-font-kerning:0pt">
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; Z$ U) P3 J: D0 JTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！( ~* E+ u M. V; @9 X% kmso-font-kerning:0pt">——7 o) }% ?$ X% c: J: f9 }/ Wfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
: k# I( D* k4 ] q, pmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">赞同。孝的本质，是发自内心的对父母的恭敬和感恩之情。有此心，才会有孝行。% I- V2 n; f: c; D: d. ~
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8 F# V; k/ n+ x+ Q* x" ETahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老，昨天晚生正好读到战国时期儒家关于礼、丧、祭的论述' d2 e Q1 D# E- h8 c! v, H$ C
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。对父母的孝，绝对不能行功利主义，现在社会上很多人在父母有能力的时候，和颜悦色，等到父母年迈无力，不能给自己帮上什么了，就放弃赡养父母，这是一种巧言令色，有所图谋。这三点做到都是不简单的，先说不违，能够做到遵循父母的教导，按照父母意愿行事之人有几？晚生做不到，起码现在说，不孝有三无后为大，父母成天逼婚，依旧违背了。老吾老以及人之老啊6 O9 d- J+ ~9 Y+ R' P P; F- J- Gmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。现在社会中，生前不依礼事亲，死后大操大办的现象很普遍，成为了陋习，也造成了很大的负担。# P) F$ b$ [; N4 |; Q |4 z; hmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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孝经
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。2 W1 D/ b' \; d2 ]9 ]% I
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6 v# x& z+ G6 g" M R# Gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对，这是从情感上关心父母，是尽孝的重要内容。生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。$ a! ~1 ]. W7 V% n; Z/ m" hmso-font-kerning:0pt">——/ J: A( z/ j- W' |+ t) p2 Mfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
: l- Y9 X7 a+ Z* K y" cmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。《孝经》说：0 }, v/ S [2 O8 mmso-font-kerning:0pt">“1 K6 q1 z# P8 e* n; f; T( z0 m
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4 Z- N; N3 o# Q8 T* Rmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼者，敬而已矣。故敬其父，则子悦；敬其兄，则弟悦；敬其君，则臣悦；敬一人，而千万人悦。所敬者寡，而悦者众，此之谓要道也。6 ^2 i; P: N) Y. qmso-font-kerning:0pt">”8 } b. V3 r0 _4 M( x# K, Z8 X/ y
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6 P1 Q, q4 C Imso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼的内在依据是孝悌，而外在表现，就是一个* C& w @8 t4 pmso-font-kerning:0pt">“6 `9 b0 `$ P. ]& c. |
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5 T: V' v6 l: |, c' ~; hmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">敬2 e, X4 k% j1 c u& D# h8 _mso-font-kerning:0pt">”4 \ q/ F) c0 V& pfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
3 ~3 D) ~/ O8 H {" Hmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">字。所以，如能尊敬他的父亲，那么其儿子就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的兄长，那么其弟弟就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的国君，那么其臣下就会喜悦。尊敬的是一个人，却能使千万人喜悦。所敬者虽然只是少数，而喜悦的人却有千千万万，这就是为什么把推行孝悌之道和礼乐教化称为. _8 Y% O4 y/ D) l! R- e1 m, B& |, K
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">要道: r7 U5 a8 W6 _& J1 _mso-font-kerning:0pt">”7 A" h8 [/ E3 D t; s" W, wfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
" f+ r6 ~! P5 h& f5 jmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">的意义所在啊。1 S; D/ L. ]; [& `+ X9 p
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3 A$ t" b' d5 S2 _0 b. P; ATahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">舍得：, ?7 V+ f# B( X$ V3 K! ]. f
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">嗯，这就是不孝有三的第一种。事谓阿意曲从，陷亲不义，一不孝也。我们通常将的孝顺的8 y: s0 k. C4 `: ?2 H
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">顺# p p6 _9 g- v/ ~% b, u/ T! xmso-font-kerning:0pt">”, [5 }7 j( \! V) p( j: F9 hfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;" m4 {. R. q+ k9 W/ U6 Q
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">其实就是不违的意思/ g1 @5 I: s6 C1 i# Ymso-font-kerning:0pt">
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