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今日下午，《论语札记》作者贾陆英老师继续在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”组织大家学习讨论《论语》为政篇第2章。有贾老师的热心授课，我们的重温经典读书会已名副其实了。昨天老秘网新开了“公文写作合议庭”版块，也期待大家积极参与。这里，老猫把今日的聊天记录整理如下：
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">各位好，星期一下午有事未到，让大家久等了。特致歉意。今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1 X8 [* a, B- j: t5 W+ i( b2 K* [3 R
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! }0 ]; d- o3 U% T+ \; _. Lmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：. l+ w$ `3 j9 E0 V- n: \ N$ o
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4 @) M+ z/ g1 N6 C8 Omso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。9 ~2 K9 D7 i) O# R4 }1 umso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百：《诗经》实有三百零五篇，三百只是举其整数。; w U0 L+ E8 Y0 [mso-font-kerning:0pt">“- C5 p) u; U8 o, T2 z7 G' ifont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">：概括。思无邪：《诗经$ G. s4 ^4 a' g2 l8 S5 X+ ]# ~
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4 H" s2 t- [) w: ^, L6 amso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">駧》》上的一句话。原文的思字是语助词，孔子借用这句话把思作思想讲。无邪：纯正，没有邪念。( x3 b' ] a/ X/ E* k* g! f5 Z
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0 C" u6 M9 W0 H, K7 y+ l6 Ymso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》三百篇，用一句话来概括它，就是3 [: D4 q0 @; w2 U2 `
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! J; }0 c) _/ q! VTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：孔子为什么极为重视诗教？5 Z5 q& g$ A6 Y# N% t3 Z+ O1 y% l. |0pt">
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* @- \+ e1 o- \& B! y! r; V: w' ATahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章是孔子对《诗经》精神的概括。孔子曾经说过，吾道一以贯之，指出他的学说有一个贯穿其中的基本精神，读书学习，重要的是要把握这个基本精神。一言以蔽之，就是一以贯之的意思，. R% U o& l* \* x
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">兴于诗、立于礼、成于乐* K9 Z" F, k% u
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4 b$ m B- J- X; q$ n( j: m1 hmso-font-kerning:0pt">泰伯》），兴于诗，强调诗的教育之重要，所兴的是人的情感。立于礼，礼教的目的是使人在社会上立足。成于乐，乐教的目的是使这种* [! d1 y8 T! g; ~/ Dmso-font-kerning:0pt">“5 W6 F7 Y# B# S& N) A8 ~4 }font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;$ ]* Y7 S4 O/ l, R9 W4 L$ l2 C8 h
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D3 B" P5 ^ b; e0 emso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">最终得以完成。古人讲的4 F1 h* y) X5 B( l0 y. p Umso-font-kerning:0pt">“7 h! e1 U$ l2 I9 D8 U, }. D' @
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+ B, C S8 y, u' }2 X8 lmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，包括音乐、舞蹈、诗歌等等，诗歌是运用有节律、有韵律的语言反映生活、抒发情感的文学体裁，孔子认为，就教化的功能而言，- d: ~) ~9 g: B9 |$ Nmso-font-kerning:0pt">“: J+ ~& I% h5 r, L; Z L$ t% qfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
! D( l4 S% U) n! J; X' R! L& ~mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">乐教) ~2 a- v# F* V/ `mso-font-kerning:0pt">”* z l& e, X# ^% Q8 e! {$ F8 kfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》是中国最早的一部诗歌总集，经孔子删订，收有从西周初年到春秋中叶的诗歌. u. f" t6 @2 k+ umso-font-kerning:0pt">3051 r! ]1 a* S0 e( b: d0 n' d# afont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;8 B1 M+ J' W. q9 ?
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">篇。孔子特别重视 C1 c6 U! F3 G2 I7 W( I
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗9 y' k) V2 N/ V& h
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5 _+ ]% m4 g6 u9 V) c- @( @/ k. A0 zmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对于人格完善的重要作用，他说：# s! k2 ?: O! Q1 hmso-font-kerning:0pt">“; e: i3 A" j2 X" e) E$ qfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
/ R7 k+ |( @- A/ X5 ~" bmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">不学诗，无以言。7 D: ^2 }' n8 ]! l- Z% C
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语# B, r, k: }' _8 \" _9 f. Amso-font-kerning:0pt">•- X2 }9 p8 O4 g9 r6 x4 zfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
4 w- X3 Z7 Y- ?: ~' K; Emso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">季氏》）* t3 Y5 X/ z. ^- g9 U0 z* ymso-font-kerning:0pt">“# m- S' R8 `+ A$ p( o: t9 E
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6 {# r( U3 u5 Q( T2 X: w( _4 q jmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观，可以群，可以怨。迩之事父，远之事君；多识于鸟兽草木之名。+ O9 p$ ~, l8 A |mso-font-kerning:0pt">”! v F7 a. S7 V) {; {font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;6 C! Q6 ?( w/ M4 Z k8 o' U9 f9 E% q3 T
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语5 p3 U3 i: t' L8 b5 p6 ~
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">阳货》）由此可见，孔子重视《诗经》的教育，一是在于学习《诗》的语言和文化知识，二是通过0 g; d) l/ M; o& v
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1 ~0 F: ]( U) ~5 O& p7 ^mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">兴、观、群、怨( {0 d# p% f" d5 @
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, `7 k( E$ x8 F/ e, }+ N- ?mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">陶冶人的情操，并对弟子进行事父、事君等政治思想教育，使人/ u- U9 a2 f% h. K4 g6 C5 s/ H
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">思无邪4 {; ?3 Q# i7 d. \3 n% b# ?4 X
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& j6 b0 }1 K# i( m" C% s: Gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，遐思而纯正，宁静而致远。0 C7 B; x" }: _
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。4 D0 ~% h4 p9 o7 U5 R
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! p0 ~! Z4 j, _& }0 `2 \mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">睡虫歪解：诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。3 U: P: y0 d: X9 J9 b6 I, d8 J7 p
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。5 z6 ~( c8 a+ O" e( h+ vmso-font-kerning:0pt">——) i( b1 @( A5 x1 F- \, x8 a1 Gfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
+ Q! k! P% _1 ?2 z! Y3 i( J% bmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">此乃: g) I# M1 F A3 W
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7 z3 i9 \3 m( u( f% b+ A, |' Xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">。诗经确有许多歌颂男女爱情的作品，那时的社会风气是开化的，孔子的思想也是开化的。这种风气被改变，是后来的事。不可用后人的标准衡量前人。“我把贾老得罪了”& U8 b$ e6 b/ u/ ]' \- Zmso-font-kerning:0pt">——% e) a/ y& R; ?# s$ Dfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
H$ a0 J0 `. p4 K' mmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">开个玩笑，没关系的。 J; x7 L& v1 n6 rmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观、可以群，可以怨。' H$ l% J9 P8 k5 V- G6 p, y
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">学诗的作用就在于1 T* ^& v; S# U0 Q/ H1 x
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4 v) q% K( p- a8 ~mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">观/ Q4 `( m8 c5 s% I: r) _2 Q" k
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群- g; |7 [7 B0 D) r2 v; Pmso-font-kerning:0pt">”, b' a* s6 ?$ \7 yfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨! Z% T" i3 C0 B0 n( Vmso-font-kerning:0pt">”$ J4 [) a7 D7 l; a: K
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">四个字。所谓6 X. S: \7 ?# E5 _. x! W! N+ R6 Xmso-font-kerning:0pt">“5 l( W1 c1 y" r, |
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z& c9 b5 J+ ]; C5 D3 Rmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以激发人的兴致，培养想象力；所谓- Q0 H, ?9 o [4 m0 lmso-font-kerning:0pt">“/ o0 @2 \9 C: N8 }+ }7 o. |5 ?
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">观6 Z& R$ X& k: m( Emso-font-kerning:0pt">”/ y; e2 }1 w$ D j0 B% h
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; ~3 _! s% Q9 v- \9 P4 g6 Xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以多识鸟兽草木等大自然之物，提高观察力；所谓 r1 S. j" i$ a: qmso-font-kerning:0pt">“2 T# `4 c. ]# M6 Tfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;- q: P4 i, I; C" ^* f, A
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群$ k' a* p7 o) s) imso-font-kerning:0pt">”% I/ v7 J9 T9 e" q9 Hfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;6 v5 {. ~) ~. C% V2 H4 v$ k
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以涵养温柔敦厚的性情，提高在群体中生活的能力；所谓7 ]- `) o( H4 O* t6 O
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨7 ^7 X1 U' M* z% r: vmso-font-kerning:0pt">” X3 {1 U6 u6 v n9 u/ z
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗还可以锻炼0 d5 \7 [8 Y( tmso-font-kerning:0pt">“+ V' `+ u9 l4 p* w8 ^
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">乐而不淫、哀而不伤. G. J# Z* Z6 M: ^) G5 R
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语1 r; r9 I7 p4 O: I, h, J" B
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">八佾》）的胸襟和品格，抒发心中之怨，而又能" u; M1 c. _1 V. m+ Q [% z
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7 D6 C$ Q, x/ X4 ~+ \mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《朱熹+ t1 u! Q( K/ O) g- p/ pmso-font-kerning:0pt">.6 F# ?4 V0 X# \ z" d( N1 \8 W
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">论语集注》），恰到好处，合乎中道。总之，学诗可以使人. {1 H: e# g, w9 G! q
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# ?* @4 q$ `# i9 wmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">思无邪4 I; H+ e+ ?% z% w6 E! @6 K, Z2 l+ rmso-font-kerning:0pt">”2 ~. g6 _9 h/ ~1 i" M! ]font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;4 Z" K: Q( h5 m4 X: z. [
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政》），遐思而纯正，宁静而致远。# c! q5 Q% k7 i# Emso-font-kerning:0pt"> # ~; H1 L; O0 U6 E' O
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- N$ b% \! c/ S" t3 k* X$ rTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">继续歪解啊：群呢，就是说物以类聚，大家有共同的审美和爱好，对诗经有雷同的见解，于是呢，就找到好朋友了。所谓怨呢，就是说看到诗经里写的这么美好的事物人物，会生出点点怨气，怨自己为什么没有诗经这么美好的生活，从而激发斗志。 c2 Z8 Y1 e) R* ?" tmso-font-kerning:0pt">) g3 F7 s. a- J
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% Z) Y& O* l" `4 V8 y- bTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">大家是做文秘工作的，写文章，也需要提高文学素养，如能恰到好处地引用几句诗词、名言警句，定会使文稿熠熠生辉。否则，干巴巴的，没有文彩，读之无味。0 Z: o: `1 } E0 ]6 p8 r
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300x180 AD
