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今日下午，《论语札记》作者贾陆英老师继续在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”组织大家学习讨论《论语》为政篇第2章。有贾老师的热心授课，我们的重温经典读书会已名副其实了。昨天老秘网新开了“公文写作合议庭”版块，也期待大家积极参与。这里，老猫把今日的聊天记录整理如下：
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- l. h/ D0 I0 HTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">各位好，星期一下午有事未到，让大家久等了。特致歉意。今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第' s" V1 I2 x0 M0 z& J1 ^
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。- v$ v% s. N2 D) Y6 ^ A8 O
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3 N1 ~. {' ~: [. _, OTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百：《诗经》实有三百零五篇，三百只是举其整数。7 g- q; R6 v9 X S
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/ {! [3 F3 H$ B7 M* q6 pmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">：概括。思无邪：《诗经, s) T; G$ q# D, n1 F9 Kmso-font-kerning:0pt">•- k- l% }, P& s* wfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;( D+ w& U' ~7 w3 G3 C e. u
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">駧》》上的一句话。原文的思字是语助词，孔子借用这句话把思作思想讲。无邪：纯正，没有邪念。5 ]$ a$ w. J# h, @( m, M5 k
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& F1 W1 X! F# tTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：, ^$ e, P0 i$ z6 f3 l; n
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》三百篇，用一句话来概括它，就是9 ^9 T( R% m# C/ B) M
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">思想纯正。$ N+ [1 M8 M' a4 J6 Y10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">’”
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章是孔子对《诗经》精神的概括。孔子曾经说过，吾道一以贯之，指出他的学说有一个贯穿其中的基本精神，读书学习，重要的是要把握这个基本精神。一言以蔽之，就是一以贯之的意思，( z, l% [! d2 O! G" bmso-font-kerning:0pt">"' u- y* d* [+ E# X" k7 H5 W
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# Z5 r0 g# z( V7 k% y- _mso-font-kerning:0pt">泰伯》），兴于诗，强调诗的教育之重要，所兴的是人的情感。立于礼，礼教的目的是使人在社会上立足。成于乐，乐教的目的是使这种% z" ]& l9 O9 r5 @5 R- A
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">最终得以完成。古人讲的% @+ c2 y' l( x' G3 v
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; ~: y; r" ~5 j5 P6 M7 B7 Kmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，包括音乐、舞蹈、诗歌等等，诗歌是运用有节律、有韵律的语言反映生活、抒发情感的文学体裁，孔子认为，就教化的功能而言，* V) }* J. {- p. P% R- B A8 \mso-font-kerning:0pt">“7 P9 x2 x% F& {3 B, k- [) \9 T
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是一个人品德养成、人性完善的最高层次。! ?( A0 h& q! V: H$ \( [
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》是中国最早的一部诗歌总集，经孔子删订，收有从西周初年到春秋中叶的诗歌* z8 O! e3 h/ s0 }/ `6 M
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! G& Z. Z/ f9 Vmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">篇。孔子特别重视1 V( O4 U) U& qmso-font-kerning:0pt">“- ~* h" u( C& Bfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
/ w4 ?( o. k4 D. Cmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗4 O- Y! L+ l6 R3 l
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对于人格完善的重要作用，他说：3 f/ h" b6 ^( O% X2 T
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* z$ }' m8 G5 }mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">不学诗，无以言。. O8 e; m# O9 c& U' D. b6 j
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语/ @5 T: K" M6 O
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">季氏》）9 y4 r! N' m; D& F" j
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# D2 Z' S f; ^mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观，可以群，可以怨。迩之事父，远之事君；多识于鸟兽草木之名。+ w- i2 E$ b, T0 Z* j1 ]
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4 f7 Z* F+ E: [5 Imso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语1 A0 M! [4 \3 _$ J4 S. O
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">阳货》）由此可见，孔子重视《诗经》的教育，一是在于学习《诗》的语言和文化知识，二是通过/ I- f, t4 X. |# C
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">兴、观、群、怨) T+ t4 ^* U! o* C; V
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) t( h( {7 c* S' W8 v: S+ g1 l* `mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">陶冶人的情操，并对弟子进行事父、事君等政治思想教育，使人/ N) [$ s1 b# B! l+ M8 |( wmso-font-kerning:0pt">“1 z& x# C% Y( G7 Y/ L$ y- u2 u' A6 afont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
7 S) F# S! g: Q7 f/ b$ g6 G0 vmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">思无邪) L% j4 y# v5 K! o% l0 Y/ Wmso-font-kerning:0pt">”4 G! d$ M- a' n ]/ m
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，遐思而纯正，宁静而致远。6 {+ B* L- x& V8 n v2 _: i0 E3 s$ ^
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2 Q0 S4 y! j$ q, z1 I m, |; a' Nmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">不学诗，无以言。; ~1 b. `, P8 D4 B% C/ L1 n/ f5 y
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。& F. J% x0 P3 }9 W/ F3 C
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">睡虫歪解：诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。+ |; u% y# C- f6 a
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5 q6 j l1 n" u `4 N+ dTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾陆英: T) B% U0 X \$ K7 M+ s- ^
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5 C+ q$ v: J: ~9 FTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。6 `3 ~* k. A" [9 ~' X
mso-font-kerning:0pt">——7 F2 w) c$ ?: y' \font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
' V& E2 d9 i/ z) o1 p0 W2 Imso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">此乃) Q* z3 x$ p9 A) B3 bmso-font-kerning:0pt">“7 r, p* o8 l) o, ^4 M h' ^$ S4 F
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
" W7 @9 N7 C+ Smso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">歪批" q; y5 H0 U, \' W) S, v2 k+ ?. O
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font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
, U/ `# T. t& m- T4 t& mmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">。诗经确有许多歌颂男女爱情的作品，那时的社会风气是开化的，孔子的思想也是开化的。这种风气被改变，是后来的事。不可用后人的标准衡量前人。“我把贾老得罪了”+ V$ D* R E1 e7 `6 ^" D y
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font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;4 Z6 }7 e! V4 r% y8 n- g1 M# t
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">开个玩笑，没关系的。7 k* B, y d, X; S5 _$ m' Zmso-font-kerning:0pt"> " s" `& a: I3 j- n( g
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: y7 w3 r1 Y6 p& k. omso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观、可以群，可以怨。' e- z- ]) h( @- Q% e- D
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">学诗的作用就在于 H: G* s3 G# E( h0 i+ `mso-font-kerning:0pt">“/ ~. ^: x! R. K5 C# E% ?, e: R0 L
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">、+ O+ D _# R- B+ Omso-font-kerning:0pt">“0 K% Z% W1 i# Cfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;; N# c' \: T# l0 y6 `* A3 T, {
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">观: v' M, a" N3 \
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">、% I4 Y' E5 @2 f: S% U0 }/ |mso-font-kerning:0pt">“, H& I' q! p" z1 [( C
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群5 }( `- ]/ t$ O5 C/ {& `0 e" kmso-font-kerning:0pt">”# J: _. o. E2 Z3 l# Wfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">“# f( F* E& C' S+ H' U; Ifont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;# ^$ a0 v0 x3 K5 p& @
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨! J" z% H1 R0 K2 p0 N3 \2 Q
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">四个字。所谓( N/ O/ L2 k, y/ i/ n V4 C
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# M; @9 U4 z" M. P* M8 @; {mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">兴* O) o) b) v; k) Gmso-font-kerning:0pt">”9 r; I( i: S) z' ?# z9 g
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;* [8 Y3 S9 ^( k
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以激发人的兴致，培养想象力；所谓: v4 R% _; H |: j
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">观! e, \2 ~; r% O7 v3 i; k
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以多识鸟兽草木等大自然之物，提高观察力；所谓' q3 u' s) U) J' N8 T, Fmso-font-kerning:0pt">“6 _" @0 k- f* _; V4 i+ A5 i
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
* a, k+ Q1 L% y$ ^$ `mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群# y8 L' c. Z, q2 l; T6 p7 c; Bmso-font-kerning:0pt">”* ~. |; c: }) \0 r+ C
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以涵养温柔敦厚的性情，提高在群体中生活的能力；所谓: ?+ U- D1 ?4 {! R" D4 A( Y) B5 |
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨: @1 D, d5 V f0 tmso-font-kerning:0pt">”; Z! J. Y2 b1 ]
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6 X3 C7 e+ m$ F( a# z9 t, S/ Hmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗还可以锻炼+ }# d9 u* M5 C4 {* T1 q j; Kmso-font-kerning:0pt">“1 `, E& X, B1 f8 z9 zfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;2 q0 }0 b1 {( N: e9 X$ N% x
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">乐而不淫、哀而不伤/ I7 E8 G. {5 l/ N7 k4 g; g/ Mmso-font-kerning:0pt">”; j0 H) u, q U, G# _; ^font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
2 L/ c; b& ]" T3 _& w; cmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语& u3 T: K+ Q" x
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">八佾》）的胸襟和品格，抒发心中之怨，而又能; u4 @) v5 W0 g/ `( _. k1 g
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8 O- D% r3 |; o; C4 a. \mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨而不怒3 f3 A$ v* K( U+ P' S$ Kmso-font-kerning:0pt">”- s& m: y; d. K! E7 w: ^8 }- Z5 b5 Ffont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
; s; \0 D( n8 L- b! g5 amso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《朱熹7 Z: J2 C0 C- N( _
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">论语集注》），恰到好处，合乎中道。总之，学诗可以使人, u# z6 P- f. R0 v0 Hmso-font-kerning:0pt">“ K7 d/ l7 `& D# j$ Bfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;9 @" h5 J2 G7 t$ e' L* {: h% N, m- I; W
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">思无邪) i$ ?4 O9 [( B) M- omso-font-kerning:0pt">”( {9 U/ x) b2 C/ e6 d, Jfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;$ P! a% t5 r o; N
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语 h/ P7 \# D6 R- g0 O
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政》），遐思而纯正，宁静而致远。/ I4 e$ q+ B8 `9 p; j4 m/ `& ^( P
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* [2 m' V" g+ X* n# O8 |' {3 jTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">继续歪解啊：群呢，就是说物以类聚，大家有共同的审美和爱好，对诗经有雷同的见解，于是呢，就找到好朋友了。所谓怨呢，就是说看到诗经里写的这么美好的事物人物，会生出点点怨气，怨自己为什么没有诗经这么美好的生活，从而激发斗志。" z4 f4 g2 L% H3 Nmso-font-kerning:0pt">6 N- y7 R- O8 [. K+ ]0 \font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;( J/ q+ w( w! a( R% H5 m( T
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">咱是粗人一个，供拍砖用: V8 B# [5 @; _: u
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" E* G. g6 V; A3 e$ ETahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无心随风：, o' a/ B7 B1 h1 D: f0pt"> 7 H' \! ?7 K8 W4 A( j5 ~" X
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">智者见智，淫者见淫。有道理* q! S/ p Z8 q) }0pt"> # b+ D' J! Y) o% |8 j, D% y" n/ w! f
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P5 r/ j- l1 K# bTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">大家是做文秘工作的，写文章，也需要提高文学素养，如能恰到好处地引用几句诗词、名言警句，定会使文稿熠熠生辉。否则，干巴巴的，没有文彩，读之无味。- e& z& g5 G& f9 u" y' N
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6 c7 P2 }+ e4 c* p! v! E1 }+ b( Mmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的，不但文稿晦暗，而且说服力弱( \& {6 Z, U3 Y8 r0 V9 L
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2 F+ z6 `7 N& `& J. }- U" NTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我们领导基本把稿子中的诗句都略掉，不读，也许在正式场合没有习总的温柔劲吧8 \" n( g y6 f q) C, L Smso-font-kerning:0pt"> 1 s+ v- k2 ], f: E
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+ _3 o& C0 Q4 j+ Z% Z( W, T: { ^6 ATahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">好風如水：* l" u) |8 C% } S- g( ?$ d
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是啊，大家看看习总的语言风格，文学素养深厚，值得学习。
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