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今日下午3：30贾陆英老师《论语》问答录在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”准时开讲。本期学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1章，网友们的参与热情高涨。老猫出差刚回，现整理如下： % w o: o2 o" @mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第- w1 W) D0 R9 {7 r' x
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k# D# m9 q1 I m J3 nmso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：1 x1 t/ Y5 v( m" f: I
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/ b4 A- u7 A* R1 B" ymso-font-kerning:0pt">为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星共之。8 Y. n3 Z1 e3 i. B7 A7 }color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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+ z5 f& [7 r5 R" H3 |8 v) A6 v, Z1 CTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">北辰：指北极星。所：处所、位置。共：同拱，环绕。比喻众多的人簇拥着一个被他们尊敬的人，或许多东西围绕着一个中心。7 ?0 c, X& o V3 y Amso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：4 R3 e! Z; o' w, ]: Q# @
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7 @9 b6 y+ t! U& M! ]mso-font-kerning:0pt">靠高尚的品德来施政，这样的为政者好比是北极星，居于自己的位置上，众多的星星都环绕着它。( _+ @, R1 J$ S* g9 z7 R% y
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：这句话表达了孔子的什么主张？. o" q; h3 x3 r$ [1 e( T% Ncolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子以北辰居其中而众星环绕作比喻，深刻揭示了具有高尚品德对于为政者的重要性，具体、形象、生动地表达了孔子的德治思想。当时，在如何治理国家的问题上，主要有两种主张：其一是依靠政令刑法，强制百姓服从；其二是通过道德教化，引导百姓走上正道。孔子主张后者，强调为政者首先要以自己高尚的品德为榜样，尔后才能教化、影响、引导民众。: B+ a8 a+ }& [. \+ {' e6 Q3 G
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服# ?/ j7 D3 j0 X* ~+ p! T9 jmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">仁政具体指的是什么？道德层面的东西我觉得都太虚了，没有一个标准。同志们认为呢# Y O6 w) B7 ^mso-font-kerning:0pt"> , S U3 ?+ C. O
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2 D3 w" y3 k& |% j7 |' Zmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？孔子的人性不分善恶，他信奉有教无类。我认为是孔子信奉的是德治礼治，而不是德治法治，儒法结合是后人的创新0 I! Z; y& _& i2 H& M
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒家法家绝对是治国两大法宝，是不是有说内法外王。希望依靠道德来治理国家。道德高尚至极只能是圣人，而不是君王。君王要有仁爱之心，但不能妄想通过道德来治理国家吧。干部要清明、清廉、清白+ R; n, w9 l5 i+ T k* qmso-font-kerning:0pt"> 9 w( F! }* r( C/ S1 i3 a
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- J3 b7 j, F, z" yTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想。儒法相结合不是从以往执政者所言的外儒内法。应该是在去除封建统治者为维护统治所宣扬的糟粕基础上，留下儒家所宣扬的大仁、大爱的思想，在结合现代化的法制、民主的精神，才是真正的儒法结合。一味从古，不如不学8 h5 i- C( H# l% bmso-font-kerning:0pt"> ; o" i6 ^) Z: U* c* o9 d
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">现在不是都在强调以民为本，为人民服务么( Y: v: x& e& M4 N1 d$ Tmso-font-kerning:0pt">——1 K' q1 t% l# j2 H7 Xfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;* P8 j9 s7 F3 F+ D J# m) ^9 B
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这一思想的文化渊源，就是德治、仁政思想。德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？8 U7 ?$ Z+ |4 E" m, x/ Wmso-font-kerning:0pt">——8 g4 `6 d+ N3 E
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">“贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想”# g4 X6 R+ s1 o/ Z0 omso-font-kerning:0pt">——$ ~( {) @" u& W c/ c. {font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;4 t+ y; H) a0 R& L0 b1 w
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">基本赞同。孔子所说! U3 ]- u5 P0 w# y) K r- y- x
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">政令刑法重在社会上的约束，讲究实效，不遵守即被处罚，道德教化重在精神上、舆论上的约束，不遵守会被谴责和孤立，但不是收到立竿见影的实质处罚& Z4 T! k) N, z9 N9 J
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我认为国治才能民安，所以教化没人人外儒是必要的，每个人也都有义务做到外儒！民安后如何能够实现久安呢？这就需要内法的作用啦！/ {- g& o- }& {/ \8 r Smso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒学是以伦理道德思想为特质的观念体系，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的显著特征之一。儒学是以礼乐文明为中心的文化系统，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的又一显著特征。现在确有一些人认为，道德修养方面的问题是# z6 x3 J' J8 b. S: v4 t' G
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">细节问题3 Y" d( \1 N/ P, \9 ?0 C& b4 Kmso-font-kerning:0pt">”" k& L! k* P4 `0 `" G( r% Ffont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;. i# ]4 D% e% K: n6 {
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，没有必要小题大做。这种认识是十分错误和有害的。# }% k) F. ~- ~mso-font-kerning:0pt">“% B! X, ^" `3 Y- `7 [% ]% Efont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;1 ~7 D/ d& ^8 n% U, X# @( b# S
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">千里之堤，溃于蚁穴! V& Y0 M4 a+ Y7 A, R" M! A8 Wmso-font-kerning:0pt">”$ {/ `) l; e% c# B; J0 l
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，少数人走上违法犯罪道路，往往是从道德品质上出问题开始的。没有职业操守，就不可能做到爱岗敬业。我们培养敬业精神，一定要紧紧抓住加强道德修养这个重点。
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