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今日下午3：30贾陆英老师《论语》问答录在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”准时开讲。本期学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1章，网友们的参与热情高涨。老猫出差刚回，现整理如下： " t3 r/ [' p& S, z/ G7 M4 B! Nmso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:, |% v# ]" `' i, o
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第) F& z9 E$ M3 ]0 w+ l
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; g" M' C5 n! Y/ Kmso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：4 Q$ h4 O' ?7 Tmso-font-kerning:0pt">"5 `0 D* \8 q( R
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星共之。3 E. F9 w5 v, {9 r A) x: Q; a
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" M6 d& q4 e; Q+ J: pTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">北辰：指北极星。所：处所、位置。共：同拱，环绕。比喻众多的人簇拥着一个被他们尊敬的人，或许多东西围绕着一个中心。/ i8 L) i1 |1 n/ g
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/ O/ K# q; {0 o; n" |& Dmso-font-kerning:0pt">靠高尚的品德来施政，这样的为政者好比是北极星，居于自己的位置上，众多的星星都环绕着它。; B l! |+ y# n( _ P- gmso-font-kerning:0pt">”
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1 _% r* l! I7 ^$ |! |mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：这句话表达了孔子的什么主张？( k+ K1 Q6 J5 l' d2 a( Y# ]
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* c( a6 K. E' m( _. I ]Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子以北辰居其中而众星环绕作比喻，深刻揭示了具有高尚品德对于为政者的重要性，具体、形象、生动地表达了孔子的德治思想。当时，在如何治理国家的问题上，主要有两种主张：其一是依靠政令刑法，强制百姓服从；其二是通过道德教化，引导百姓走上正道。孔子主张后者，强调为政者首先要以自己高尚的品德为榜样，尔后才能教化、影响、引导民众。" X2 }$ S/ S6 J9 V0 Q5 j
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9 Z z, V% P OTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服! b; I) E. v5 i4 O- `' M4 o9 d
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">仁政具体指的是什么？道德层面的东西我觉得都太虚了，没有一个标准。同志们认为呢. R& d6 l! H; A. d F, i7 i8 e
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服" O. S' o0 L5 i" R7 e
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的，这就是孔子说的; i3 ~4 m* N7 l/ N( Q# ~( b" Rmso-font-kerning:0pt">"0 h6 q3 V* y5 u6 g, o/ h. O
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">道之以政，齐之以刑，民免而无耻；道之以德，齐之以礼，有耻且格。) K( K6 i6 L% d# `: ]% B2 j5 g
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9 P% g9 ~8 q7 D, W: YTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒家法家绝对是治国两大法宝，是不是有说内法外王。希望依靠道德来治理国家。道德高尚至极只能是圣人，而不是君王。君王要有仁爱之心，但不能妄想通过道德来治理国家吧。干部要清明、清廉、清白- j0 L* ~2 K# c8 Y/ imso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想。儒法相结合不是从以往执政者所言的外儒内法。应该是在去除封建统治者为维护统治所宣扬的糟粕基础上，留下儒家所宣扬的大仁、大爱的思想，在结合现代化的法制、民主的精神，才是真正的儒法结合。一味从古，不如不学/ |. h+ u$ ]+ m$ T0 H. m
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">现在不是都在强调以民为本，为人民服务么" m6 q, ?+ x* N
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! _8 l$ F' a$ a omso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这一思想的文化渊源，就是德治、仁政思想。德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？5 ?: c2 ]; l& {9 R
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, D1 r, s1 @! n, c7 nTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">政令刑法重在社会上的约束，讲究实效，不遵守即被处罚，道德教化重在精神上、舆论上的约束，不遵守会被谴责和孤立，但不是收到立竿见影的实质处罚; Z7 O0 s6 l5 Hmso-font-kerning:0pt"> : u+ m4 r7 J* Q4 b
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& H/ I: S# c% i* w) k1 l7 NTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我认为国治才能民安，所以教化没人人外儒是必要的，每个人也都有义务做到外儒！民安后如何能够实现久安呢？这就需要内法的作用啦！6 [- Y* g1 D2 l5 H4 S5 i* Jmso-font-kerning:0pt"> # a6 j1 a, p4 B! X$ e) h, Q9 O
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我觉得现在很多人被大众观念里的道德观绑架了，就出现了所谓的装和假! @" C" U. Y* J( V
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒学是以伦理道德思想为特质的观念体系，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的显著特征之一。儒学是以礼乐文明为中心的文化系统，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的又一显著特征。现在确有一些人认为，道德修养方面的问题是; W W, O- b% I. f' @. Q
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">细节问题# W! `3 z# k2 z1 r. j6 i8 H% ]
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3 Q1 }& Q9 s7 ]mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，没有必要小题大做。这种认识是十分错误和有害的。 j" c- v; m$ \4 l* W! P6 mmso-font-kerning:0pt">“, q" L% F- k3 G; w Y8 Efont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
; ^% l% z: i: i% k: L, s/ o# f, `3 h* Vmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">千里之堤，溃于蚁穴: t$ I1 l1 w# U: g0 M* C8 m
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' Y% L" Z' j" lmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，少数人走上违法犯罪道路，往往是从道德品质上出问题开始的。没有职业操守，就不可能做到爱岗敬业。我们培养敬业精神，一定要紧紧抓住加强道德修养这个重点。
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